councilor.org
| Source | Louis Proyect |
| Date | 00/11/14/12:48 |
| HUMAN POVERTY AND DEPRIVATION
The human poverty index is a multidimensional measure of poverty. It brings together in one composite index the deprivation in four basic dimensions of human life-a long and healthy life, knowledge, economic provisioning and social inclusion. These dimensions of deprivation are the same for both developing and industrialized countries. Only the indicators to measure them differ, to reflect the realities in these countries and because of data limitations. For developing countries the HPI-1 measures human poverty. Deprivation in a long and healthy life is measured by the percentage of people born today not expected to survive to age 40, deprivation in knowledge by the adult illiteracy rate and deprivation in economic provisioning by the percentage of people lacking access to health services and safe water and the percentage of children under five who are moderately or severely underweight. Two points. First, for economic provisioning in developing countries, public provisioning is more important than private income. At the same time, more than four-fifths of private income is spent on food. Thus in developing countries lack of access to health services and safe water and the level of malnutrition capture the deprivation in economic provisioning more practically than other variables. Second, the absence of a suitable indicator and lack of data prevent the human poverty index from reflecting the deprivation in social inclusion in developing countries. For industrialized countries the HPI-2 measures human poverty. Deprivation in a long and healthy life is measured by the percentage of people born today not expected to survive to age 60, deprivation in knowledge by the adult functional illiteracy rate, deprivation in economic provisioning by the incidence of income poverty (since private income is the larger source of economic provisioning in industrialized countries) and deprivation in social inclusion by long-term unemployment. The components and the results of the HPI-1 and HPI-2 are presented in indicator tables 4 and 5. The technical note presents a detailed discussion of the methodology for constructing he two indices. WHAT DOES THE HPI-1 REVEAL? Calculated for 85 countries, the HPI-1 reveals the following (table 5): The HPI-1 ranges from 3.9% in Uruguay to 64.7% in Niger. Nine countries have an HPI-1 of less than 10%: Bahrain, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Fiji, Jordan, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago and Uruguay. These developing countries have overcome severe levels of poverty. For 29 countries-more than a third of those for which the HPI-1 was calculated- the HPI-1 exceeds 33%, implying that at least a third of their people suffer from human poverty. Others have further to go. The HPI-1 exceeds 50% in Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mozambique, Nepal and Niger. A comparison of HDI and HPI-1 values shows he distribution of achievement in human progress. Human development can be distributed more equitably-as in countries with a relatively low HPI-1 for a given HDI value-or less equitably-as in those with a relatively low HDI value for a given HPI-1 (figure 4). Policies play a big par in determining how achievements in human progress are distributed. 1 Uruguay 2 Costa Rica 3 Cuba********************!!!!!!! 4 Chile 5 Trinidad and Tobago 6 Fiji 7 Jordan 8 Panama 9 Bahrain 10 Guyana 11 Colombia 12 Mexico 13 Lebanon 14 Mauritius 15 Venezuela 16 Jamaica 17 Qatar 18 Malaysia 19 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 20 Dominican Republic 21 Brazil 22 Philippine 23 Paraguay 24 Turkey 25 Peru 26 Ecuador 27 Bolivia 28 United Arab Emirate 29 Thailand 30 China 31 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 32 Syrian Arab Republic 33 South Africa 34 El Salvador 35 Sri Lanka 36 Tunisia 37 Cape Verde 38 Oman 39 Honduras 40 Lesotho 41 Nicaragua 42 Algeria 43 Maldives 44 Namibia 45 Swaziland 46 Indonesia 47 Viet Nam 48 Botswana 49 Guatemala 50 Tanzania, U. Rep. of 51 Kenya 52 Zimbabwe 53 Myanmar 54 Congo 55 Egypt 56 Iraq 57 Comoro 58 India 59 Ghana 60 Sudan 61 Rwanda 62 Nigeria 63 Togo 64 Zambia 65 Morocco 66 Cameroon 67 Uganda 68 Pakistan 69 Malawi 70 Bangladesh 71 Haiti 72 Côte d' Ivoire 73 Senegal 74 Benin 75 Gambia 76 Yemen 77 Mauritania 78 Guinea-Bissau 79 Mozambique 80 Nepal 81 Mali 82 Central African Republic 83 Ethiopia 84 Burkina Faso 85 Niger |
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